{"id":471,"date":"2021-03-02T23:53:22","date_gmt":"2021-03-02T23:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/?p=471"},"modified":"2021-03-15T15:21:21","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T15:21:21","slug":"meigs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2021\/03\/02\/meigs\/","title":{"rendered":"Four Men Who Should Have Known Better:
Dr. Charles Meigs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
The Agnew Clinic at the Jefferson Medical College (painting by Thomas Eakins, 1889)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

My current project<\/a> on the idea of women\u2019s equality has led me to ponder why so many men who had both intellectual and circumstantial reasons to understand and endorse women\u2019s equality failed to do so. I have been using this blog to briefly profile a few prominent examples of this male pattern blindness<\/a><\/em>. My previous post highlighted the illustrious philosopher and infamous misogynist Arthur Schopenhauer<\/a>. This time, I offer for your consideration the nineteenth century physician Charles Meigs (1792-1869).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Meigs was a distinguished faculty member at the Jefferson Medical College<\/a> in Philadelphia. In the middle of the nineteenth century he was widely considered the leading American specialist on women\u2019s medicine and obstetrics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Mary Wollstonecraft (1797)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A useful launching point for delving into the character of Dr. Meigs is the tragic death of pioneering feminist philosopher Mary Wollstonecraft<\/a> in September 1797. Wollstonecraft, then 38 years old, was one of countless women who suffered painful deaths in childbirth from puerperal sepsis, an infection of the genital tract. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there were several theories about the causes of puerperal fever, most of which were categorized as what were then called \u201cputrid miasmas” or \u201catmospherical influences.\u201d Dr. Meigs described puerperal fever as \u201can unspeakable terror\u201d and attributed it to bad air and bad luck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An alternative possibility was proposed by the physician and writer Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr<\/a>. (who was also, of course, the father of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.<\/a>). Early in his medical career, Holmes, Sr. published a paper<\/a> advancing the argument that puerperal fever was infectious and was carried on the unwashed hands of midwives and obstetricians: \u201cthe physician and the disease entered hand in hand into the chamber of the unsuspecting patient.\u201d  Despite the strong evidence he marshalled, this thesis was surprisingly controversial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. reading his 1843 paper on puerperal fever to the men of the Boston Medical Society<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The illustrious Dr.  Meigs took the intimation that doctors were at fault for the death of so many women as a great affront. In his 1854 book, On the Nature, Signs, and Treatment of Childbed Fevers<\/a><\/em>, he criticized Holmes\u2019s contagion theory as \u201cnonsense.\u201d   Meigs offered a chilling description of his own practice: \u201cI have proved it in my own case, over and over again, since I have gone from the houses of persons laboring under the most malignant forms of the disease, and from participating in necroscopic examinations, without carrying the malady with me.\u201d Meigs expressed his confidence that doctors were gentlemen, and \u201ca gentleman\u2019s hands are clean.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Charles
Dr. Charles Meigs <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The same stubborn arrogance that contributed to Dr. Meigs\u2019s error on puerperal fever also made him a lifelong opponent of anesthesia. Meigs was concerned about the risks of this relatively new technology, but he also argued that pain was a natural and appropriate part of childbirth. Labor-pain, Meigs wrote<\/a>, is \u201ca most desirable, salutary, and conservative manifestation of life force.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Cast out from the Garden
(William Foster, 1891)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Meigs connected his acceptance of painful labor to the biblical decree<\/a> that suffering in childbirth would be the punishment for Eve\u2019s original sin. He warned against the \u201cdoubtful nature of any process that the physicians set up to contravene the operations of those natural and physiological forces that the Divinity has ordained us to enjoy or to suffer.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to his callous endorsement of women\u2019s pain, Meigs expressed the soft misogyny of putting women on a pedestal. In a medical school lecture on \u201cSome Distinctive Characteristics of the Female<\/a>,\u201d he warned that without the influence of women, society would relapse into \u201cthe violence and chaos of the earliest barbarism\u2026.  It is not until she comes to sit beside him\u2026 that man ceases to be barbarous.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
C. D. Meigs Lecture on Women<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The connection between Meigs’s caricature of women on a pedestal and their subjugation was made clear in the same medical school lecture<\/a>.  Surrounded by his eager male students, Dr.  Meigs shared his deep insights into the female character: \u201cshe has a head almost too small for intellect but just big enough for love.\u201d  His description of woman’s “intellectual nature” follows along this line:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She has nowhere been admitted to the political rights, franchises, and powers that man arrogates to men alone\u2026The great administrative faculties are not hers.  She plans no sublime campaigns, leads no armies to battle, nor fleets to victory.  The Forum is no theatre for her silver voice, full of tenderness and sensibility.  She discerns not the courses of the planets.  Orion with his belt, and Arcturus with his suns are naught to her but pretty baubles set up in the sky. <\/p>C. D. Meigs, “Some Distinctive Characterstics of the FEmale” (1847)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Meigs surely knew women whose intellect and character could have disabused him of this prejudice. On the subject of \u201cpretty baubles in the sky,\u201d for example, he could have turned to Hannah Bouvier, a fellow member of the small and insular \u201cOld Philadelphia<\/a>\u201d elite. Bouvier was a popular science writer and the author of a leading astronomy textbook<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, of course, there was Meigs’s wife, Mary, who was described as having \u201cgreat intellectual powers and common sense, with a strong love of justice.\u201d  The Meigses began their life together in Georgia, where his father was the first president of the University of Georgia<\/a>. After two years in the South, however, Mary was revolted by slavery and had the fortitude to insist that they move to Philadelphia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charles Meigs dedicated his life and his science to the health of women.  That is an admirable thing, to be sure. Nonetheless, his experience and expertise failed to open his eyes to the equality of women. Dr. Meigs was a man who should have known better, but didn\u2019t.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moral: A scientific disposition is a weak competitor to cultural hegemony and pig-headed stubbornness.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Alfred Marshall<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Next up:<\/strong> Alfred Marshall<\/a>\u2014a social scientist who urged economics to turn toward social welfare, but turned away from the brilliant woman standing next to him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Previous Profile:<\/strong> Arthur Schopenhauer<\/a>, a philosopher of morality and misogyny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Overview: <\/strong>Male Pattern Blindness<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. Charles Meigs was a prominent practitioner of midwifery and misogyny. His position of one of the 19th century’s leading experts on obstetrics and women’s health should have helped him appreciate the equality of women, but it didn’t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21,7],"tags":[22,24,32],"class_list":{"0":"post-471","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-projects","7":"category-purpose","8":"category-the-idea","9":"tag-malepatternblindness","10":"tag-meigs","11":"tag-womensequality","13":"no-featured-image"},"yoast_head":"\nCharles Meigs - A man who should have known better, but didn't<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dr. Charles Meigs was the leading American expert on women's health and obstetrics in the middle of the 19th century. 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