{"id":443,"date":"2021-02-22T14:19:52","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T14:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/?p=443"},"modified":"2021-03-15T15:25:59","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T15:25:59","slug":"schopenhauer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2021\/02\/22\/schopenhauer\/","title":{"rendered":"<img class=\"icon_title\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/number-1.png\" width=\"100\"  align=\"left\" \/>Four Men Who Should Have Known Better: Arthur Schopenhauer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large eplus-eTUpU3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Schopenhauer#\/media\/File:Schopenhauer_1852.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Schopenhauer_1852b.jpg\" alt=\"Arthur Schopenhauer: moralist and misogynist\" class=\"wp-image-450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Schopenhauer_1852b.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Schopenhauer_1852b-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Schopenhauer_1852b-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Arthur Schopenhauer (1852)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-7WJpAA\">In my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2021\/02\/15\/male-pattern-blindness\/\">previous post<\/a> on <em>male pattern blindness<\/em>\u2014a bit of collateral from my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2020\/11\/02\/the-idea\/\">current project<\/a> on the idea of women&#8217;s equality\u2014I promised profiles of four influential men whose failure to appreciate the equality of women was particularly striking.&nbsp; In each case, their principles and positions should have helped them to know better.&nbsp; But they didn\u2019t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-2hRhGH\">My first subject is the renowned German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860). The competition is stiff, but Schopenhauer is probably the most egregious misogynist in the Western philosophical tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-8W6Ygs\">In 1851, three years after the American suffragist movement was launched with the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/wori\/learn\/historyculture\/declaration-of-sentiments.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Declaration of Seneca Falls<\/a>, and the same year as <a data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2020\/11\/13\/an-old-mill-mystery\/\">Harriet Taylor Mill<\/a>&#8216;s \u201cThe Enfranchisement of Women,\u201d Schopenhauer published \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/studiesinpessimi00schorich\/page\/102\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">On Women<\/a>.\u201d In this notorious essay, he wrote that women:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote eplus-eA9L2W\"><ul><li> are \u201cinferior to men in matters of justice, honesty, and conscientiousness\u201d<\/li><li>\u201cexist entirely for the propagation of the race, and their destiny ends there\u201d<\/li><li> \u201cremain children all their lives, for they always see only what is near at hand, cling to the present, take the appearance of a thing for reality, and prefer trifling matters to the most important\u201d<\/li><li>are \u201cby nature intended to obey\u201d<\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image eplus-z0EB13\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Arthur_Schopenhauer_by_J_Schafer_1859b.jpg\" alt=\"Arthur Schopenhauer\" class=\"wp-image-434\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\"\/><figcaption>Arthur Schopenhauer <br>thinking some thoughts (1859)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-DVfagY\">Contemporary Schopenhauer scholars have been embarrassed by this misogynist screed.&nbsp; But here\u2019s the thing: Schopenhauer\u2019s misogyny is largely consistent with the main currents of Western philosophy from its birth in classical Greece right up to\u2014well\u2014right up to not very long ago. &nbsp;Aristotle wrote that you could tell women were inferior by how they sounded. Two thousand years later, Schopenhauer had progressed to assessing women by how they looked: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote eplus-6HDwa0 is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cOne only need look at woman\u2019s shape to discover that she is not intended for either too much mental or too much physical work.\u201d<\/p><cite>Arthur Schopenhauer, On Women, 1851<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-nRibHi\">Schopenhauer should have known better for reasons both situational and philosophical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-BVMcGu\">Schopenhauer did not lack for extraordinary female role models. His sister, Adele, spoke several languages and was a poet, author, and artist.&nbsp; Her <a href=\"https:\/\/collageresearchnetwork.wordpress.com\/2020\/08\/01\/psyches-butterflies-dragonflies-the-winged-papercuts-of-adele-schopenhauer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">papercut silhouettes<\/a> were published as book illustrations, and on their own.&nbsp;&nbsp; The German literary giant <a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/goethe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe<\/a> was inspired to write poems to accompany some of her papercuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image eplus-5RS8m6\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Caroline_Bardua_-_Johanna__Adele_Schopenhauer_1806.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-448\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Caroline_Bardua_-_Johanna__Adele_Schopenhauer_1806.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Caroline_Bardua_-_Johanna__Adele_Schopenhauer_1806-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption>Johanna and Adele Schopenhauer (1806)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-rFvqg3\">Schopenhauer\u2019s mother, Johanna Schopenhauer, was also a woman of considerable accomplishment. She was the first woman in Germany to publish under her own name. She wrote twenty-four books on a wide range of subjects, including several well-regarded works on art history. Her books <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Johanna-Schopenhauer\/e\/B004568D5Y?ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1&amp;qid=1613497145&amp;sr=8-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">remain in print<\/a> to this day.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-asffKd\">Despite the accomplishments of his mother and sister, Schopenhauer could still write that \u201cwomen are and remain, taken altogether, the most thorough and incurable philistines.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-mhERXv\">Schopenhauer\u2019s blindness to the abilities of the women around him was a significant failing.&nbsp; It is made worse when we consider it in the context of his moral philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-7iYsBf\">Schopenhauer built his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/_\/M7YVAAAAYAAJ?gbpv=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ideas about ethics<\/a> on a foundation provided by <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/kant-moral\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Immanuel Kant<\/a> (1724-1804). Kant liberated morality from its religious moorings with his notion of the <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/kant-moral\/#CatHypImp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">categorical imperative<\/a>. This is mostly just a fancy way to say that there are some things that are right to do in and of themselves, rather than as a means to something else.&nbsp; Kant believed these imperatives could be sorted out with a universalized version of <a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/goldrule\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Golden Rule<\/a>: morality requires acting in the ways that you think everyone should act towards everyone else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-DJY4Ga\">Schopenhauer argued that reason wasn\u2019t sufficient for implementing Kant\u2019s moral philosophy.&nbsp; He made the interesting point that our bodies are the only thing that we can perceive both from external observation and from internal feeling.&nbsp;&nbsp; That\u2019s pretty cool in itself, but Schopenhauer also posited that this leads to a sense of empathetic knowledge. &nbsp;Empathy\u2014the ability to understand and feel the needs of others and the effects of events on their internal feelings\u2014is the touchstone for a humanist morality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-ePWCys\"><em>Empathy should have given Schopenhauer the key to seeing women\u2019s equality<\/em>.&nbsp; &nbsp;But in both his principles and his practice, Schopenhauer saw women as so different from himself that he was unable to make that empathetic connection.&nbsp; As a result, he failed to incorporate fifty percent of humanity into his moral schema. In addition to making him look ridiculous, Schopenhauer\u2019s misogyny fundamentally overshadowed important parts of his contribution to philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-WuJXIS\">The examples in Schopenhauer\u2019s own family and his philosophy of empathy should have made him an advocate for women\u2019s equality. &nbsp;Instead, he promoted a particularly vicious misogyny. <em>Schopenhauer is a man who should have known better, but didn\u2019t<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-duaCmo\"><strong>Moral: Advocating empathy is not the same as having empathy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image eplus-oX9Zlk\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Meigs.jpg\" alt=\"Charles Delucena Meigs - A man of medicine and misogyny.\" class=\"wp-image-467\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Meigs.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Meigs-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption>Dr. Charles Meigs<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-cAh5zE\"><strong>Next up:<\/strong> One of the nineteenth century\u2019s leading physicians, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2021\/03\/02\/meigs\/\">Dr. Charles Meigs<\/a>\u2014a proponent and practitioner of women\u2019s medicine and misogyny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"eplus-udyvqK\"><strong>The  Overview:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kktg.net\/KurtTaylorGaubatz\/2021\/02\/15\/male-pattern-blindness\/\">Male Pattern Blindness<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arthur Schopenhauer is probably the most explicit and egregious misogynist in the western philosophical tradition.  This is despite his knowing several exceptional women and advancing a moral philosophy that emphasized empathy. He is, therefore, a great example of Male Pattern Blindness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21,7],"tags":[22,23,32],"class_list":{"0":"post-443","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-projects","7":"category-purpose","8":"category-the-idea","9":"tag-malepatternblindness","10":"tag-schopenhauer","11":"tag-womensequality","13":"no-featured-image"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arthur Schopenhauer: A man who should have known better, but didn&#039;t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Schopenhauer&#039;s life &amp; moral philosophy should have helped him see the equality of women. 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